Homemade Printed Circuit Board

In order to make a homemade printed circuit board for prototyping, the materials required are:

1. Copper board: Copper clad boards are obtainable in various sizes, and the right size will be the one which can fit all the components. The copper coated side of the board will be used for soldering while the other side will be used for adding the components.
2. Solution of Ferric chloride: It is an etching solution that eliminates unwanted layers of copper from the copper clad board. To make this etching solution, dissolve 50 gms of Ferric chloride powder in 100 ml of warm water.
3. Drilling holes: For drilling holes on the board,  a printed circuit board drills or hand drill with the relevant bits is enough for the purpose.

Making the printed circuit board

1. First draw the circuit in a compact manner on a piece of paper. Mark the places where the components would be drilled.
2. Draw this same diagram on a tracing or a butter paper with the help of a OHP marker pen.The reverse side of the drawing paper will be the actual design of the printed circuit board.
3. Place the pencil carbon paper on the copper side of the board.
4. Put the paper containing the design sketch over the carbon paper.
5. Redraw the design so that the carbon ink traces the design on the copper board.
6. Remove the papers and redraw the design on the  carbon board by fowwing the trace left by the carbon paper on the copper board.
7. Identify the locations which needs to be drilled.
8. Place the copper board on a porcelain or plastic tray and pour ferric chloride solution till the board submerges in it. 
9. Expose the tray to sunlight and shake it a number of times. Etching will be done in two hours.
10. Clean the board with water.
11. Drill the holes.
12. Get rid of the pen markings by using thinner.
13. Solder the tracks.

Warning: As ferric chloride is harmful, avoid its contact with your skin.